MAC Address

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  MAC Address (Media Access Control)

This is also known as Physical address and hardware address.

MAC address allows network cards to be able to send and recive data within the network.

The MAC address is a unique 6 byte address stored in the ROM of network card.

All companies that manufacture network cards need to first register with IEEE.

The 6 byte address is divided into 2 parts; first 3 bytes is given by IEEE and is unique for each manufacturer, the other 3 bytes is set uniquely to each interface card that the company produces.

 

  Protocols

This is the software used for network communication which allows operating system to communicate with each other.

Different types of operating system can also communicate if they use common protocol.

Protocols are considered as the language used by operating system to communicate with each other.

There are many types of operating system such as 

TCP/IP-  Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

 IPX/SPX- Internet Packet Exchange /Sequential Packet Exchange

Net BEUI

Netware

Net BIOS

                  Mostly used is the TCP/IP                                            


Internet Protocol Address

All computers in the network must be set with at least one unique IP address

There are two ways of setting IP

1.Manually (Static IP)

2.Automatically through DHCP server (Dynamic IP)

There are five types of IP address 

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class E

 IP is a 32 bit address divided into 4 octates which are separated by dots.

The class of IP can be identified by the value entered in 1st order.

Each class of IP has 2 parts, Network ID and Host ID

All computers in the network must have same network ID and unique host ID.


SubNet Mask

 It is auto-set when we enter a IP address.

It is used to help differentiate network ID from the host ID.

It is mainly used for subnetting which is process of transferring bits from Network ID to increase the number of hosts.

Examples:

Class A: 100.10.10.1

SubNet:255.0.0.0

Class B: 150.100.1.1

SubNet:255.255.0.0

Class C: 192.168.100.1

SubNet:255.255.255.0

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