Birth of element V

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E equal m c squared equation proposed by Albert Einstein the helps to understand why the Sun shines. So it turns out that the Sun is converting mass to energy bringing two hydrogen nuclei namely protons together. It fuses four protons into a single piece of helium nucleus, but helium nucleus has only two protons while we brought in four protons. So, we need to convert two of the protons into neutrons. It turns out that's possible. It’s called the weak force, which spit out two units of positive electric charge in a form it turns out anti-matter. They’re called positron. And two unfamiliar particles called neutrinos which are kind of ghost. It sort of penetrates everything as far as we can see. From this reaction, it releases certain amount of energy 25 million electron volts. So that's how the Sun is producing energy.


The key to this is to pretend that you put all this stuff on a scale and what you got initially are four protons i.e. we got after the reaction is helium plus a little thing like positron and neutrino. If we weigh them together the all the mass you got at the beginning is more than all the mass you ended up with. And that's kind of surprising, right?


 So if we imagine, for example, collision of two cars, it produces a lot of debris. But if we manage to scoop up every single piece of debris of these two cars and sum them up. They must be exactly the same as the sum of masses of two cars at the very beginning. We call that the conservation of mass. That’s something we take for granted in our daily life. And if two people got on the same scale, what we measure is the sum of the masses two people. Again, the mass and we just add it together is not going to change. But, what we see here is that's different.


The sun, well, before the reaction, was a little heavier than after the reaction. By releasing energy, what the sun is doing is actually keep getting lighter.As a matter of fact, the sun is getting lighter by 4 million tons every second. The reason why that is important is because of this E equal m c squared.

                                                          contd.....

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